Conan the Barbarian (also known as Conan the Cimmerian) is a fictional sword and sorcery hero who originated in pulp magazines and has since been adapted to books, comics, several films (including Conan the Barbarian and Conan the Destroyer), television programs (animated and live-action), video games, role-playing games, and other media.The character was created by writer.

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Contents.Publication history Conan the Barbarian was created by Robert E. Howard in a series of fantasy stories published in Weird Tales in 1932. For months, Howard had been in search of a new character to market to the burgeoning pulp outlets of the early 1930s. In October 1931, he submitted the short story 'People of the Dark' to Clayton Publications' new magazine, (June 1932). 'People of the Dark' is a remembrance story of ', and in its first-person narrative the protagonist describes one of his previous incarnations; Conan is a black-haired hero who swears by a deity called.

Some Howard scholars believe this Conan to be a forerunner of the more famous character.In February 1932, Howard vacationed at a border town on the lower. During this trip, he further conceived the character of Conan and also wrote the poem ', much of which echoes specific passages in 's.

According to some scholars, Howard's conception of Conan and the may have originated in 's (1913) which inspired Howard to 'coalesce into a coherent whole his literary aspirations and the strong physical, autobiographical elements underlying the creation of Conan'.Having digested these prior influences after he returned from his trip, Howard rewrote a rejected story, ' (May 1929), replacing his existing character with his new hero, and retitling it '. Howard also wrote ' and ', inspired by the ofand submitted both stories to magazine. Although ' was rejected, the magazine accepted 'The Phoenix on the Sword' after it received the requested polishing, and published it in the December 1932 issue. 'The Scarlet Citadel' was published the following month.' The Phoenix on the Sword' appeared in Weird Tales December 1932. Editor subsequently prompted Howard to write an 8,000-word essay for personal use detailing 'the ', the fictional setting for Conan. Using this essay as his guideline, Howard began plotting ', a new Conan story that was the first to truly integrate his new conception of the Hyborian world.The publication and success of 'The Tower of the Elephant' spurred Howard to write many more Conan stories for Weird Tales.

By the time of Howard's suicide in 1936, he had written 21 complete stories, 17 of which had been published, as well as a number of unfinished fragments.Following Howard's death, the copyright of the Conan stories passed through several hands. Eventually, under the guidance of and, the stories were edited, revised, and sometimes rewritten. For roughly 40 years, the original versions of Howard's Conan stories remained out of print.

In 1977, the publisher Berkley Books issued three volumes using the earliest published form of the texts from Weird Talesbut these failed to displace the edited versions. In the 1980s and 1990s, the copyright holders of the Conan franchise permitted Howard's stories to go out of print entirelywhile continuing to sell Conan works by other authors.In 2000, the British publisher issued a two-volume, complete edition of Howard's Conan stories as part of its Fantasy Masterworks imprint, which included several stories that had never seen print in their original form. The Gollancz edition mostly used the versions of the stories as published in Weird Tales.The two volumes were combined and the stories resorted into chronological order as The Complete Chronicles of Conan: Centenary Edition (, 2006; edited and with an Afterword by Steve Jones).In 2003, another British publisher, Wandering Star Books, made an effort both to restore Howard's original manuscripts and to provide a more scholarly and historical view of the Conan stories. It published hardcover editions in England, which were republished in the United States by the Del Rey imprint of. The first book, Conan of Cimmeria: Volume One (1932–1933) (2003; published in the US as ) includes Howard's notes on his fictional setting, as well as letters and poems concerning the genesis of his ideas. This was followed by Conan of Cimmeria: Volume Two (1934) (2004; published in the US as ) and Conan of Cimmeria: Volume Three (1935–1936) (2005; published in the US as ). These three volumes combined include all of the original, unedited Conan stories.Setting.

Main article:The various stories of Conan the Barbarian occur in the pseudo-historical ', set after the destruction of and before the rise of any known. This is a specific epoch in a fictional timeline created by Howard for many of the tales of his.The reasons behind the invention of the Hyborian Age were perhaps commercial: Howard had an intense love for history and historical dramas; however, at the same time, he recognized the difficulties and the time-consuming research work needed in maintaining historical accuracy—and moreover, the poorly-stocked libraries in the rural part of Texas where Howard lived just didn't have the material needed for such historical research. By conceiving a timeless setting—'a vanished age'—and by carefully choosing names that resembled human history, Howard shrewdly avoided the problem of historical anachronisms and his need for lengthy exposition.According to 'The Phoenix on the Sword', the adventures of Conan take place 'Between the years when the oceans drank Atlantis and the gleaming cities, and the years of the rise of the.'

Personality and character. This section possibly contains. Please by the claims made and adding.

Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( November 2011) Conan is a. From the writings of Robert E. Howard ( among others) it is known that his Cimmerians are based on the or perhaps the historic, based on the described geography and the existence of said people.

He was born on a battlefield and is the son of a village. Conan matured quickly as a youth and, by age fifteen, he was already a respected who had participated in the destruction of the fortress of Venarium. After its demise, he was struck by wanderlust and began the adventures chronicled by Howard, encountering skulking monsters, evil, tavern wenches, and beautiful. He roamed throughout the nations as a,. As he grew older, he began commanding vast units of warriors and escalating his ambitions. In his forties, he seized the crown from the tyrannical of Aquilonia, the most powerful kingdom of the Hyborian Age, having strangled the previous ruler on the steps of his own throne. Conan's adventures often result in him performing heroic feats, though his motivation for doing so is largely to protect his own survival or for personal gain.A conspicuous element of Conan's character is his.

He is extremely reluctant to fight women (even when they fight him) and has a strong tendency to save a. In ', he has to make a split-second decision whether to save the dancing girl Muriela or the chest of priceless gems which he spent months in search of. So, without hesitation, he rescues Muriela and allows for the treasure to be irrevocably lost. In ', Conan saves the exile Zingaran Lady Belesa at considerable risk to himself, giving her as a parting gift his fortune in gems big enough to have a comfortable and wealthy life in Zingara, while asking for no sexual favors in return.

Reviewer Jennifer Bard also noted that when Conan is in a pirate crew or a robber gang led by another male, his tendency is to subvert and undermine the leader's authority, and eventually supplant (and often, kill) him (e.g. Conversely, in ', it is noted that Conan 'generally agreed to Belit's plan. Hers was the mind that directed their raids, his the arm that carried out her ideas. It was a good life.' And at the end of ', Conan and Valeria seem to be headed towards a reasonably amicable piratical partnership.George Baxter noted that 'Conan's recorded history mentions him as being prominently involved, at one time or another, with four different pirate fraternities, on two different seas, as well being a noted leader of land robbers at three different locales.

Yet, we hardly ever see him involved in, well, robbing people. To be sure, he speaks about it often and with complete candor: 'We took to plundering the outlying dominions of Koth, Zamora, and Turan impartially' he says in '. But that was before the story began. And 'We're bound for waters where the seaports are fat, and the merchant ships are crammed with plunder!' Conan declares at the end of '. But this plundering will take place after the story ends.

When we see Conan onstage, we see him do many other things: he intervenes in the politics and dynastic struggles of various kingdoms; he hunts for hidden treasure; he explores desert islands and lost cities; he fights countless terrible monsters and evil sorcerers; he saves countless beautiful women and makes them fall in love with him. What we virtually never see Conan do is engage in the proper business of an armed robber, on land or by sea—which is to attack people who never threatened or provoked you, take away their possessions by main force, and run your sword through them if they dare to resist. A bit messy business, that. Armchair adventurers, who like to enjoy a good yarn in the perfect safety and comfort of their suburban homes, might not have liked to read it.'

Appearance. Hither came Conan, the Cimmerian, black-haired, sullen-eyed, sword in hand, a thief, a reaver, a slayer, with gigantic melancholies and gigantic mirth, to tread the jeweled thrones of the Earth under his sandalled feet.' , 1932.Conan has 'sullen', 'smoldering', and 'volcanic' blue eyes with a black 'square-cut mane'. Howard once describes him as having a hairy chest and, while comic book interpretations often portray Conan as wearing a loincloth or other minimalist clothing to give him a more barbaric image, Howard describes the character as wearing whatever garb is typical for the kingdom and culture in which Conan finds himself. Howard never gave a strict height or weight for Conan in a story, only describing him in loose terms like 'giant' and 'massive'.

In the tales, no human is ever described as being stronger than Conan, although several are mentioned as taller (such as the strangler Baal-pteor) or of larger bulk. In a letter to and in 1936, only three months before Howard's death, Conan is described as standing 6 ft/183 cm and weighing 180 pounds (82 kg) when he takes part in an attack on Venarium at only 14 years old, though being far from fully grown.

Conan himself says in ' that he had '.not yet seen 15 snows'. Typical depiction of Conan the Barbarian (this drawing is a study of Henrik Sahlstrom´s Conan artwork)Although Conan is muscular, Howard frequently compares his agility and way of moving to that of a panther (see, for instance, ', ', or '). His skin is frequently characterized as bronzed from constant exposure to the sun. In his younger years, he is often depicted wearing a light shirt and a horned helmet, though appearances vary with different stories.During his reign as king of Aquilonia, Conan was. A tall man, mightily shouldered and deep of chest, with a massive corded neck and heavily muscled limbs. He was clad in silk and velvet, with the royal lions of Aquilonia worked in gold upon his rich jupon, and the crown of Aquilonia shone on his square-cut black mane; but the great sword at his side seemed more natural to him than the regal accoutrements.

His brow was low and broad, his eyes a volcanic blue that smoldered as if with some inner fire. His dark, scarred, almost sinister face was that of a fighting-man, and his velvet garments could not conceal the hard, dangerous lines of his limbs.Howard as a people with mostly black hair and blue or grey eyes.

Ethnically, the are descendants of the, though they do not remember their ancestry. In his fictional historical essay ', Howard describes how the people of Atlantis—the land where his character originated—had to move east after a great cataclysm changed the face of the world and sank their island, settling where and would eventually be located. Thus they are (in Howard's work) the ancestors of the Irish and Scottish (the ) and not the, the other ancestor of modern Scots who also appear in Howard's work. In the same work, Howard also described how the eventually moved south and east after the (presumably in the vicinity of the, where the dwelt).Abilities. This section does not any.

Unsourced material may be challenged and.Find sources: – ( January 2009) Despite his brutish appearance, Conan uses his brains as well as his brawn. The is a highly skilled warrior, possibly without peer with a sword, but his travels have given him vast experience in other trades, especially as a. He's also a talented commander, tactician, and strategist, as well as a born leader. In addition, Conan has advanced knowledge of languages and codes and is able to recognize, or even decipher, certain ancient or secret signs and writings. For example, in ' Howard states: 'In his roaming about the world the giant adventurer had picked up a wide smattering of knowledge, particularly including the speaking and reading of many alien tongues.

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Many a sheltered scholar would have been astonished at the Cimmerian's linguistic abilities.' He also has incredible stamina, enabling him to go without sleep for a few days. In ', Conan fights armed men until he is overwhelmed, captured, and, before going an entire night and day without water.

However, Conan still possesses the strength to pull the nails from his feet, while hoisting himself into a horse's saddle and riding for ten miles.Another noticeable trait is his sense of humor, largely absent in the comics and movies, but very much a part of Howard's original vision of the character (particularly apparent in ', also known as 'The Slithering Shadow.' ) His sense of humor can also be rather grimly ironic, as was demonstrated by how he unleashes his own version of justice on the treacherous—and ill-fated—innkeeper Aram Baksh in '.He is a loyal friend to those true to him, with a barbaric code of conduct that often marks him as more honorable than the more sophisticated people he meets in his travels. Indeed, his straightforward nature and barbarism are constants in all the tales.Conan is a formidable combatant both armed and unarmed. With his back to the wall, Conan is capable of engaging and killing opponents by the score. This is seen in several stories, such as ', ', and '. Conan is not superhuman, though; he needed the providential help of Zelata's wolf to defeat four Nemedian soldiers in Howard's novel. Some of his hardest victories have come from fighting single opponents of inhuman strength: one such as Thak, an ape-like humanoid from ', or the strangler Baal-Pteor in 'Shadows in Zamboula'.

Conan is far from untouchable and has been captured or defeated several times (on one occasion, knocking himself out drunkenly after running into a wall).Influences. Cover of (May 1934) depicting Conan and in, one of 's original Conan stories. Conan stories published in Weird Tales. ' (novelette; vol. 20, #6, December 1932).

' (novelette; vol. 21, #1, January 1, 1933). ' (novelette; vol. 21, #3, March 1933). ' (novelette; vol. 21, #6, June 1933).

' (novelette; vol. 22, #3, September 1933, alternate title 'Xuthal of the Dusk'). ' (novelette; vol. 22, #4, October 1933). ' (novelette; vol.

23, #1, January 1934). ' (novelette; vol. 23, #4, April 1934, published as 'Shadows in the Moonlight').

' (novelette; vol. 23, #5, May 1934). ' (novelette; vol. 24, #2, August 1934). ' (novella; vol.

24, #3–5, September–November 1934). ' (novelette; vol.

24, #6, December 1934). ' (novelette; vol. 25, #3, March 1935, author's original title 'The Servants of Bit-Yakin'). ' (novella; vol. 25, #5–6, May–June 1935).

' (novelette; vol. 26, #5, November 1935, author's original title 'The Man-Eaters of Zamboula'). ' (novel; vol. 26, #6 & vol.

27, #1–4, December 1935, January–April 1936). ' (novella; vol.

28, #1–3, July, September, October 1936)Conan stories published in Fantasy Fan magazine. ' (March 1934) – published as The Frost-Giant's Daughter in, 1953.Conan stories not published in Howard's lifetime. ' – Published in Space Science Fiction, Sep. 1952. ' – Published in Fantasy Magazine, Feb. 1953. ' – Published in The Magazine of Horror, Spring 1967.Unfinished Conan stories by Howard.

' – Fragment. Published in, 1966.

' – Synopsis. Published in, February 1967. ' – Fragment. Published in, 1967. ' – Fragment. Published in, 1969.A number of untitled synopses for Conan stories also exist.Other Conan-related material by Howard.

' – A non-Conan story set in Conan's world. Published in 1967 in Conan the Usurper. ' – An essay written in 1932. Published in 1938 in The Hyborian Age.

' – A poem written in 1932. Published in 1965 in The Howard Collector.Book editions. Main article:The character of Conan has proven durably popular, resulting in Conan stories by later writers such as,. Some of these writers have finished incomplete Conan manuscripts by Howard. Others were created by rewriting Howard stories which originally featured entirely different characters from entirely different milieus. Most, however, are completely original works. In total, more than fifty novels and dozens of short stories featuring the Conan character have been written by authors other than Howard.The (1950–1957) was the first hardcover collection of Howard's Conan stories, including all the original Howard material known to exist at the time, some left unpublished in his lifetime.

The later volumes contain some stories rewritten by (like '), including several non-Conan Howard stories, mostly historical exotica situated in the at the time of the, which he turned into Conan yarns. The Gnome edition also issued the first Conan story written by an author other than Howard—the final volume published, which is by and revised by de Camp.The (1966–1977), under the direction of and, were the first comprehensive paperbacks, compiling the material from the Gnome Press series together in chronological order with all the remaining original Howard material, including that left unpublished in his lifetime and fragments and outlines. These were completed by de Camp and Carter. The series also included Howard stories originally featuring other protagonists that were rewritten by de Camp as Conan stories. New Conan stories written entirely by de Camp and Carter were added as well. Lancer Books went out of business before bringing out the entire series, the publication of which was completed by Ace Books. Eight of the eventual twelve volumes published featured dynamic cover paintings by that, for many fanspresented the definitive, iconic impression of Conan and his world.

For decades to come, most other portrayals of the Cimmerian and his imitators were heavily influenced by the cover paintings of this series. Most editions after the Lancer/Ace series have been of either the original Howard stories or Conan material by others, but not both. The exception are the (1978–1981), which include both new material by other authors and older material by Howard, though the latter are some of the non-Conan tales rewritten as Conan stories by de Camp. Notable later editions of the original Howard Conan stories include the (1974–1989, incomplete); (1977); (2000–2006), and (2003–2005). Later series of new Conan material include the (1978–1982) and (1982–2004).Conan chronologies. Main article:In an attempt to provide a coherent timeline which fit the numerous adventures of Conan penned by Robert E.

Howard and later writers, various 'Conan chronologies' have been prepared by many people from the 1930s onward. Note that no consistent timeline has yet accommodated every single Conan story. The following are the principal theories that have been advanced over the years.

– A Probable Outline of Conan's Career (1936) was the first effort to put the tales in chronological order. Completed by and, the chronology was later revised by Clark and in An Informal Biography of Conan the Cimmerian (1952). – A Conan Chronology by Robert Jordan (1987) was a new chronology written by Conan writer that included all written Conan material up to that point. It was heavily influenced by the Miller/Clark/de Camp chronologies, though it departed from them in a number of idiosyncratic instances.

– Timeline of Conan's Journeys (1997, rev. 2004), was fan William Galen Gray's attempt to create 'a chronology of all the stories, both Howard and pastiche.' Main articles: andThe very first Conan cinematic project was planned. Summer envisioned a series of Conan films, much like the franchise. He outlined six stories for this film series, but none were ever made.

An original screenplay by Summer and was written, but their lore-authentic screen story was never filmed. However, the resulting film, (1982), was a combination of director ' ideas and plots from Conan stories (written also by Howard's successors, notably and ). The addition of motto and Conan's life philosophy were crucial for bringing the spirit of Howard's literature to the screen.The plot of Conan the Barbarian (1982) begins with Conan being enslaved by the Vanir raiders of, a malevolent who is responsible for the slaying of Conan's parents and the genocide of his people. Later, Thulsa Doom becomes a cult leader of a that worships Set, a Snake God. The vengeful Conan, the Subotai and the Valeria set out on a quest to rescue a princess held captive by Thulsa Doom. The film was directed by John Milius and produced. The character of Conan was played by and was his break-through role as an actor.This film was followed by a less popular sequel, in 1984.

This sequel was a more typical -genre film and was even less faithful to Howard's Conan stories, being just a story of an assorted bunch of adventurers.The third film in the Conan trilogy was planned for 1987 to be titled Conan the Conqueror. The director was to be either.

Since Arnold Schwarzenegger was committed to the film and De Laurentiis's contract with the star had expired after his obligation to and, he wasn't keen to negotiate a new one; thus the third Conan film sank into. The script was eventually turned into.Conan the Barbarian (2011). Main article:There were rumors in the late 1990s of another Conan sequel, a story about an older Conan titled King Conan: Crown of Iron, but Schwarzenegger's election in 2003 as governor of ended this project. Spent seven years trying to get the project off the ground. However, in June 2007 the rights reverted to, though all drafts made under Warner remained with them. In August 2007, it was announced that had acquired the rights to the project.

Production was aimed for a Spring 2006 start, with the intention of having stories more faithful to the creation. In June 2009, Millennium hired to direct. In January 2010, was selected for the role of Conan. The film was released in August 2011, and met poor critical reviews and box office results.The Legend of Conan In 2012, producers and Frederick Malmberg announced plans for a sequel to the 1982 Conan the Barbarian titled The Legend of Conan, with reprising his role as Conan. A year later, Deadline reported that Andrea Berloff would write the script. Years passed since the initial announcement as Schwarzenegger worked on other films, but as late as 2016, Schwarzenegger affirmed his enthusiasm for making the film, saying, 'Interest is high.

But we are not rushing.' The script was finished, and Schwarzenegger and Morgan were meeting with possible directors. In April 2017, producer Chris Morgan stated that Universal had dropped the project, although there was a possibility of a TV show. The story of the film was supposed to be set 30 years after the first, with some inspiration from 's.

Television There have been three television series related to Conan:. is an produced by Jetlag Productions and Sunbow Productions that debuted on October 1, 1992, ran for 64 episodes and concluded exactly two years later, on October 1, 1994. The series involved Conan chasing across the world in an attempt to release his parents from eternal imprisonment as living statues. is an animated television series that premiered in 1994 and ran for 13 episodes. Produced the show and aired this series as a spin-off to the previous animated series. This cartoon took place after the finale of Conan the Adventurer with Wrath-Amon vanquished and Conan's family returned to life from living stone. Conan soon finds that the family of one of his friends are being turned into wolves by an evil sorceress and he must train three warriors in order to aid him in rescuing them.

is a television series that premiered on September 22, 1997, and ran for 22 episodes. It starred German bodybuilder as Conan and as his sidekick Otli. The storyline was quite different from the Conan lore of Howard. In this adaptation, Conan is a pleasant and jovial person.

Also in this version, Conan is not a loner but one member of a merry band of adventurers. In February 2018, Deadline reported that a new Conan TV series was in the works at with, and working on the project.Comics.

See also: Board games. In 2009, released the Age of Conan strategy board game, depicting warfare between the Hyborian nations in the Conan's adventures. In 2016, Monolith Board Games LLC will release a new boardgame with miniatures directly based on Howard's short stories.

Herron (1984). 149: 'Robert E.

Howard of Cross Plains, Texas, created one of the great mythic figures in modern popular culture, the Dark Barbarian. which put Howard in the select ranks of the literary legend-makers'. ^ Louinet, pp. 429-453. 'Hyborean Genesis: Notes on the Creation of the Conan Stories', by Patrice Louinet; in, by Robert Ervin Howard, Del Rey/Ballantine Books, 2005,., by Frances Leonard and Ramona Cearley, University of Texas Press, 1 Jan 2010,. Retrieved 2017-10-31. 2013-07-18 at the, official website.

Howard, Robert E., adapted by and. From the original on 25 May 2011. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list.

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Howard, Robert E. ': 'the man was almost a giant in stature'; 'Knots and bunches of muscle started out of the massive arms'. Howard, Robert E.

Howard, reprinted The Bloody Crown of Conan, pp. 89-90. Louinet, p. 436. As stated in. Katz, Ephraim (2006). Film Encyclopedia.

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Conan Exiles. Store.steampowered.com.Further reading. Blosser, Fred (1997). The Dark Man #4: 16–18. Herron, Don, editor. The Barbaric Triumph. Wildside Press.

Thomas, Roy (2006). Conan: The Ultimate guide to the world's most savage babarian. DK Publishing. Herron, Don, editor. The Dark Barbarian. Greenwood Press.

Louinet, Patrice, editor. The Coming of Conan the Cimmerian.

Del Rey. Zelenetz, Alan (1986). Marvel Comics.External links.