The big three names that come to mind for Phil Fersht, CEO and chief analyst at HFS Research, are Salesforce.com Inc., Microsoft Corp. And International Business Machines Corp. Fersht is a key voice in the evolving RPA space, or robotic process automation. IBM Jobs and Careers. At IBM, work is more than a job - it's a calling: To build. To think along with clients and sell. To make markets. To collaborate. Not just to do something better, but to attempt things you've never thought possible. Imagine what you can do and experience. This is where you can do.

Who led IBM from 1914 to 1956, discussing the company's mottoProblems playing this file? See.International Business Machines Corporation ( IBM) is an American headquartered in, with operations in over 170 countries. The company began in 1911, founded in, as the (CTR) and was renamed 'International Business Machines' in 1924. IBM is incorporated in New York.IBM produces and sells computer, and, and provides and in areas ranging from to. IBM is also a major research organization, holding the record for most U.S. Generated by a business (as of 2020 ) for 27 consecutive years. Inventions by IBM include the (ATM), the, the, the, the, the, the, and (DRAM).

Yawha. The, exemplified by the, was the dominant computing platform during the 1960s and 1970s.IBM has continually shifted business operations by focusing on higher-value, more profitable. This includes printer manufacturer in 1991 and the sale of (/) and -based businesses to (in 2005 and 2014, respectively), and acquiring companies such as (2002), (2009), (2016), and (2019). Also in 2015, IBM announced that it would go ', continuing to design, but offloading manufacturing to.Nicknamed Big Blue, IBM is one of 30 companies included in the and one of the world's largest employers, with (as of 2018 ) over 352,600 employees, known as 'IBMers'. At least 70% of IBMers are based outside the United States, and the country with the largest number of IBMers is India.

IBM employees have been awarded five, six, ten and five. Main article:In the 1880s technologies emerged that would ultimately form the core of International Business Machines (IBM).

Pitrap patented the computing scale in 1885; Alexander Dey invented the dial recorder (1888); (1860–1929) patented the; and invented a time clock to record a worker's arrival and departure time on a paper tape in 1889. On June 16, 1911, their four companies were in New York State by forming a fifth company, the (CTR) based in.

The five companies had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and, New York;;;; and.They manufactured machinery for sale and lease, ranging from commercial scales and industrial time recorders, meat, and cheese slicers, to tabulators and punched cards., fired from the by, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered a position at CTR. Watson joined CTR as General Manager then, 11 months later, was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned Patterson's, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's companies. He implemented sales conventions, 'generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed, dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker'.

His favorite slogan, ', became a mantra for each company's employees. During Watson's first four years, revenues reached $9 million ($133 million today) and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. Watson never liked the clumsy hyphenated name 'Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company' and on February 14, 1924, chose to replace it with the more expansive title 'International Business Machines'. By 1933 most of the subsidiaries had been merged into one company, IBM. Researchers using an electronic data processing machine in 1957In 1937 IBM's tabulating equipment enabled organizations to process huge amounts of data, its clients including the, during its first effort to maintain the employment records for 26 million people pursuant to the, and the tracking of Jews and other persecuted groups by Hitler's, largely through the German subsidiary.

The social security-related business gave an 81% increase in revenue from 1935 to 1939.In 1949 Thomas Watson, Sr., created IBM World Trade Corporation, a subsidiary of IBM focused on foreign operations. In 1952 he stepped down after almost 40 years at the company helm, and his son was named president. In 1956 the company demonstrated the first practical example of when Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's, New York, laboratory programmed an not merely to play checkers but 'learn' from its own experience. In 1957 the scientific programming language was developed. In 1961 IBM developed the for and introduced the highly successful typewriter. In 1963 IBM employees and computers helped NASA track the orbital flights of the Mercury astronauts.

A year later, it moved its corporate headquarters from New York City to. The latter half of the 1960s saw IBM continue its support of space exploration, participating in the 1965 Gemini flights, 1966 Saturn flights, and 1969 lunar mission. An in use at the c. 1969.On April 7, 1964, IBM announced the first computer system family, the. It spanned the complete range of commercial and scientific applications from large to small, allowing companies for the first time to upgrade to models with greater computing capability without having to rewrite their applications. It was followed by the in 1970.

Together the 360 and 370 made the the dominant and the dominant computing platform in the industry throughout this period and into the early 1980s.In 1974 IBM engineer developed the. IBM and the first introduced to the public in 1981 when they entered into a swap agreement. The, originally designated IBM 5150, was introduced in 1981, and it soon became an industry standard. In 1991 IBM spun out its printer manufacturing into a new business called.In 1993 IBM posted a US$8 billion loss – at the time the biggest in American corporate history. Was hired as CEO from to turn the company around. In 2002 IBM acquired consulting, and in 2003 it initiated a project to redefine company values, hosting a three-day online discussion of key issues with 50,000 employees.

The result was three values: 'Dedication to every client's success', 'Innovation that matters—for our company and for the world', and 'Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships'. IBM inventions: (clockwise from top-left) the, the, and theIn 2005 the company sold its personal computer business to Chinese technology company and, in 2009, it acquired software company Later in 2009, IBM's supercomputing program was awarded the. In 2011, IBM gained worldwide attention for its program, which was exhibited on where it won against game-show champions. The company also celebrated its 100th anniversary in the same year on June 16. In 2012 IBM announced it has agreed to buy, and a year later it also acquired, a, in a deal worth around $2 billion. Also that year, the company designed a system for.In 2014 IBM announced it would sell its server division to Lenovo for $2.1 billion.

Also that year, IBM began announcing several major partnerships with other companies, including, the parent company of, and.In 2015 IBM announced three major acquisitions: Merge Healthcare for $1 billion, data storage vendor, and all digital assets from, including and the Weather Channel. Also that year, IBMers created the film, which was the first molecule movie to tell a story. In 2016, IBM acquired video conferencing service and formed a new cloud video unit. In April 2016, it posted a 14-year low in quarterly sales. The following month, sued IBM accusing it of patent infringement, two months after IBM accused Groupon of patent infringement in a separate lawsuit.In 2015, IBM bought the part of; and in October 2018, IBM announced its intention to acquire for $34 billion, which was completed on July 9, 2019.

Headquarters and offices. Pangu Plaza, one of IBM's offices inIBM is headquartered in, a community 37 miles (60 km) north of Midtown Manhattan. A nickname for the company is the ' Colossus of Armonk'.

Its principal building, referred to as CHQ, is a 283,000-square-foot (26,300 m 2) glass and stone edifice on a 25-acre (10 ha) parcel amid a 432-acre former apple orchard the company purchased in the mid-1950s. There are two other IBM buildings within walking distance of CHQ: the North Castle office, which previously served as IBM's headquarters; and the Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Center for Learning (formerly known as IBM Learning Center (ILC)), a resort hotel and training center, which has 182 guest rooms, 31 meeting rooms, and various amenities.IBM operates in 174 countries as of 2016, with mobility centers in smaller markets areas and major campuses in the larger ones.

In, IBM has several offices besides CHQ, including the headquarters at in. Outside of New York, major campuses in the United States include;;; and.IBM's real estate holdings are varied and globally diverse. Towers occupied by IBM include (Montreal, Canada) and (Atlanta, Georgia, USA). In, IBM occupies, the city's and overlooking, home to the.IBM India Private Limited is the Indian subsidiary of IBM, which is headquartered at,.

It has facilities in Bengaluru, and.Other notable buildings include the (Rome, Italy), the (Winchester, UK), (Chicago, Illinois, United States), the (Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), the (Toronto, Canada), the (Johannesburg, South Africa), the (Seattle, Washington, United States), the (Tokyo, Japan), the (Yamato, Japan), the (Ontario, Canada) and the Watson IoT Headquarters (Munich, Germany). Defunct IBM campuses include the (Somers, New York) and (Paris, France). The company's contributions to industrial architecture and design include works by,. Van der Rohe's building in Chicago was recognized with the 1990 from the.IBM was recognized as one of the Top 20 Best Workplaces for Commuters by the (EPA) in 2005, which recognized companies that provided employees with excellent benefits to help reduce traffic and air pollution. In 2004, concerns were raised related to IBM's contribution in its early days to in its original location in.

Finance For the fiscal year 2017, IBM reported earnings of US$5.7 billion, with an annual revenue of US$79.1 billion, a decline of 1.0% over the previous fiscal cycle. IBM's shares traded at over $125 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$113.9 billion in September 2018. IBM ranked No. 34 on the 2018 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. YearRevenuein mil.

US$Net incomein mil. US$Total Assetsin mil. US$Price per Sharein US$Employees2,91.802,42.0120,40.04202,34.4923,45.6724,806,16,46,68,26,21,21222,056.3,137.1,838.,749.,739.,426.85352,600Products and services. Was awarded the in 2009.IBM has a large and diverse portfolio of products and services. As of 2016, these offerings fall into the categories of, and, (IoT), and.includes (IaaS), (SaaS) and (PaaS) offered through public, private and hybrid.

For instance, the IBM PaaS enables developers to quickly create complex websites on a pay-as-you-go model. IBM is a, and provider, which in 2011 reported hosting more than 81,000 servers for more than 26,000 customers. IBM also provides Cloud Data Encryption Services (ICDES), using to secure customer data.IBM also hosts the industry-wide cloud computing and mobile technologies conference InterConnect each year.designed by IBM for these categories include IBM's, which are employed inside many, including, and 's.

IBM is encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors, and in 2014, the company revealed, a and announced a $3 billion investment over the following five years to design a neural chip that mimics the human brain, with 10 billion neurons and 100 trillion synapses, but that uses just 1 kilowatt of power. In 2016, the company launched designed for small and midsized companies, which includes software for data compression, provisioning, and snapshots across various systems.also represents a major service provided by IBM, with more than 60 worldwide. Is IBM's source for emerging software technologies, and is a used for. IBM's suite provides and solutions, and includes the, an used by thousands of companies for recruiting. Discusses, 2010.has been a part of IBM since its founding, and its organized efforts trace their roots back to 1945, when the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory was founded at in, converting a renovated fraternity house on Manhattan's West Side into IBM's first laboratory. Now, constitutes the largest organization in the world, with 12 labs on 6 continents. IBM Research is headquartered at the in New York, and facilities include the in California, Austin lab in Texas, in, in and, in and, in Dublin, in, in and, and Africa lab in.In terms of investment, IBM's expenditure totals several billion dollars each year.

In 2012, that expenditure was approximately US$6.9 billion. Recent allocations have included $1 billion to create a business unit for in 2014, and $3 billion to create a next-gen semiconductor along with $4 billion towards growing the company's 'strategic imperatives' (cloud, analytics, mobile, security, social) in 2015.IBM has been a leading proponent of the, and began supporting in 1998. The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM, which includes over 300 developers. IBM has also released code under different, such as the (worth approximately US$ million at the time of the donation), the three-sentence license, and the -based (RDBMS).

IBM's involvement has not been trouble-free, however (see ).Famous and developments by IBM include: the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the bar code, and the. Additionally, in 1990 company scientists used a to arrange 35 to spell out the company acronym, marking the first structure assembled one atom at a time. A major part of IBM research is the generation of. Since its first patent for a traffic signaling device, IBM has been one of the world's most prolific patent sources.

In 2018, the company holds the record for most generated by a business, marking 25 consecutive years for the achievement.Five IBMers have received the:, of the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y., in 1973, for work in semiconductors; and, of the Zurich Research Center, in 1986, for the; and and, also of Zurich, in 1987, for research in. Several IBMers have also won the, including the first female recipient.Current research includes a collaboration with the to see computers act as an academic advisor for undergraduate computer science and engineering students at the university, and a partnership with, combining their cloud and Internet of Things (IoT) platforms to make them interoperable and to provide developers with easier tools.The company is also involved in research into advanced algorithms and machine learning and their decision-making processes. To that end, the company recently released an analysis tool for how and why algorithms make decisions while scanning for biases in automated decision-making.

Brand and reputation. IBM ads at, 2013IBM is nicknamed Big Blue in part due to its blue logo and color scheme, and also partially since IBM once had a de facto of white shirts with blue suits. The company logo has undergone several changes over the years, with its current '8-bar' designed in 1972. It was a general replacement for a 13-bar logo, since period photocopiers did not render large areas well. Aside from the logo, IBM used as a corporate typeface for 50 years, until it was replaced in 2017 by the custom-designed.IBM has a valuable brand as a result of over 100 years of operations and marketing campaigns.

Since 1996, IBM has been the exclusive technology partner for the, one of the four in, with IBM creating the first Masters.org (1996), the first course cam (1998), the first app with live streaming (2009), and first-ever live 4K Ultra High Definition feed in the United States for a major sporting event (2016). As a result, IBM CEO became the third female member of the Master's governing body, the. IBM is also a major sponsor in professional, with engagements at the, the, and the. The company also sponsored the from 1960–2000, and the from 2003–2012.In 2012, IBM's brand was valued at $75.5 billion and ranked by as the second-best brand worldwide. That same year, it was also ranked the top company for leaders ( ), the number two in the U.S.

( ), the second-most respected company ( ), the fifth-most admired company ( ), the 18th-most innovative company ( ), and the number one in and number two in. In 2015, Forbes ranked IBM the fifth-most valuable brand.

People and culture Employees. Employees demonstrating capabilities in a exhibition match on campus, 2011IBM has one of the largest workforces in the world, and employees at Big Blue are referred to as 'IBMers'. The company was among the first corporations to provide (1934), survivor benefits (1935), training for women (1935), paid vacations (1937), and training for disabled people (1942). IBM hired its first black salesperson in 1946, and in 1952, CEO published the company's first written equal opportunity policy letter, one year before the U.S. Supreme Court decision in and 11 years before the. The has rated IBM 100% on its index of gay-friendliness every year since 2003, with IBM providing same-sex partners of its employees with and an anti-discrimination clause. Additionally, in 2005, IBM became the first major company in the world to commit formally to not use in employment decisions; and in 2017, IBM was named to 's 100 Best Companies List for the 32nd consecutive year.IBM has several leadership development and recognition programs to recognize employee potential and achievements.

For early-career high potential employees, IBM sponsors leadership development programs by discipline (e.g., (GMLDP), (HRLDP), (FLDP)). Each year, the company also selects 500 IBMers for the IBM Corporate Service Corps (CSC), which has been described as the corporate equivalent of the and gives top employees a month to do abroad. For certain, IBM also has a program called that partners top business and technical students to develop high-value technology and compete to present their business case to the company's CEO at internship's end.The company also has various designations for exceptional individual contributors such as Senior Technical Staff Member (STSM), Research Staff Member (RSM), Distinguished Engineer (DE), and Distinguished Designer (DD). Prolific inventors can also achieve patent plateaus and earn the designation of. The company's most prestigious designation is that of. Since 1963, the company names a handful of Fellows each year based on technical achievement. Other programs recognize years of service such as the Quarter Century Club established in 1924, and sellers are eligible to join the Hundred Percent Club, composed of IBM salesmen who meet their quotas, convened in Atlantic City, New Jersey.

Each year, the company also selects 1,000 IBMers annually to award the Best of IBM Award, which includes an all-expenses-paid trip to the awards ceremony in an exotic location.IBM's culture has evolved significantly over its century of operations. In its early days, a dark (or gray) suit, white shirt, and a 'sincere' tie constituted the public uniform for IBM employees. During IBM's management transformation in the 1990s, CEO relaxed these codes, normalizing the dress and behavior of IBM employees.

The company's culture has also given to different plays on the company acronym (IBM), with some saying is stands for 'I've Been Moved' due to relocations and layoffs, others saying it stands for 'I'm By Myself' pursuant to a prevalent work-from-anywhere norm, and others saying it stands for 'I'm Being Mentored' due to the company's open door policy and encouragement for mentoring at all levels. In terms of labor relations, the company has traditionally resisted labor union organizing, although unions represent some IBM workers outside the United States. In Japan, IBM employees also have an team complete with pro stadium, cheerleaders and televised games, competing in the Japanese as the '.In 2015, IBM started giving employees the option of choosing either a or a as their primary work device, resulting in IBM becoming the world's largest Mac shop. In 2016, IBM eliminated forced rankings and changed its annual performance review system to focus more on frequent feedback, coaching, and skills development. IBM alumni Many IBMers have also achieved notability outside of work and after leaving IBM. In business, former IBM employees include CEO, former CEO and politician, chairman, co-founder, founder, CEO, former CEO, former chairman, former CEO, former CEOs and, former CEO, co-founder, chairman, former CEO, is SVP of Distributed Hosting & Cloud Enablement Services for and former CEO.In government, alumna served as, the first to serve in the. Served as and as the.

Alumni also include and; governor; former , , and ; and former, and.Others are astronaut, and, president, president emeritus, former president, referee, former chairman, and recipient of the. Also served as the of the.Board and shareholders The company's 15 member are responsible for overall corporate management and includes the current or former CEOs of, and as well as the presidents of and, and a retired.In 2011, IBM became the first technology company 's invested in. Initially he bought 64 million shares costing 10.5 billion dollars. Over the years he increased his IBM holdings however he reduced it by 94.5% to 2.05 million shares at the end of 2017. By May 2018 he was completely out of IBM. See also.

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The Silverlake Project: Transformation at IBM (AS/400). (2001).

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IBM Redux: Lou Gerstner & The Business Turnaround of the Decade. Harper Business. (2002). Who Says Elephants can't Dance? HarperCollins. Greulich, Peter E. A View from Beneath the Dancing Elephant: Rediscovering IBM's Corporate Constitution.

MBI Concepts Corporation. Harwood, John (2011). The Interface: IBM and the Transformation of Corporate Design, 1945–1976. Heller, Robert (1994).

The Fate of IBM. Little Brown. Mercer, David (1987). IBM: How the World's Most Successful Corporation is Managed. Kogan Page.

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